North Carolina Asset Protection News

Increasingly Integrated Financial Management Systems Are Expected To Support Program Managers Financial Managers, And Budget Analysts At The Same Time

OMB Circular A-127, Financial Management Systems, initially issued in 1984, was revised in 1993.  This Circular sets forth general policies for Federal financial management systems and relates these policies to those in OMB Circular A-130, Management of Federal Information Resources, and OMB Circular A-123, Management Accountability and Control.

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 required Agencies to manage by results.  In the spring of 1994, the Chief Financial Officers Council (CFO Council) adopted the following vision for financial management:

Enabling government to work better and cost less requires program and financial managers, working in partnership using modern management techniques and integrated financial management systems, to ensure the integrity of information, make decisions, and measure performance to achieve desirable outcomes and real cost effectiveness.

The Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 required each agency to implement and maintain financial management systems that comply substantially with Federal financial management systems requirements, applicable Federal accounting standards, and the United States Government Standard General Ledger at the transaction level.

Increasingly, integrated financial management systems are expected to support program managers, financial managers, and budget analysts at the same time.  Information supplied by these systems is expected to become more timely, accurate, and consistent across government.  Systems and data are being shared more and more by agencies with common needs.

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	LLC envelope offers substantial advantages over other entities LLC envelope offers substantial advantages over other entities, there are at least five common circumstances when a tax regime other than an S corporation may be more appropriate: 1) the business cannot qualify as an S corporation; 2) the one-class-of-stock limitation for S corporations cannot accommodate certain business terms agreed to by the parties; 3) the business involves appreciating assets (i.e., assets that have, or are likely to have, a fair market value in excess of basis), such as real estate; 4) the business has considerable debt and the owners anticipate significant losses; and 5) the wage-reduction tax strategy explained previously will not benefit the owners because either the primary income of the business is excluded from self-employment tax or, in the case of newly formed companies, one or more employee-owners already receive aggregate wages or self-employment income from an existing business in an amount which approaches the taxable wage base limitation